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什么是储罐大小呼吸废气?
  • 01/01 00:00
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请问什么是储罐大小呼吸废气?

03/01 16:15

一、储罐的“大呼吸”、“小呼吸”废气   1.1  储罐大呼吸   储罐大呼吸是指储罐进行收发作业时的呼吸。储罐进料时,由于液面逐渐升高,罐内气体空间逐渐减小,压力增大,当压力超过呼吸阀控制压力时,一定浓度的蒸汽开始从呼吸阀呼出,直到储罐停止收料;储罐发料时,由于液面不断降低,罐内气体空间逐渐增大,压力减小,当压力小于呼吸阀控制真空度时,储罐开始呼入新鲜空气,由于液面上方空间蒸气没有达到饱和,促使蒸发加快,使其重新达到饱和,当罐内压力再次上升,部分蒸气从呼吸阀呼出。在这个“呼吸”过程中造成的VOCs损耗为大呼吸损耗。   1.2 储罐的小呼吸   储罐的小呼吸是指储罐在静止储存的情况下,白天受太阳辐射使油温升高,引起上部空间气体膨胀和油面蒸发加剧,罐内压力随之升高,当压力达到呼吸阀允许值时,蒸汽就逸出罐外造成损耗。夜晚气温下降使罐内气体收缩,油气凝结,罐内压力随之下降,当压力降到呼吸阀允许真空值时,空气进入罐内,使气体空间的油气浓度降低,在这个排出蒸气和吸入空气的过程造成的VOCs损失,叫小呼吸损耗。     二、储罐呼吸废气处理的规范及标准   2.1 环保部“十二五”规划就提出要求对储罐区呼吸排放的废气加以控制。   根据《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》制定的《重点区域大气污染联防联控“十二五”规划》规定:“加强石化生产、输送和储存过程挥发性有机物泄漏的监测和监管;严格控制储罐、运输环节的呼吸损耗,原料、中间产品、成品储存设施应全部采用高效密封的浮顶罐,或安装顶空联通置换油气回收装置(即储罐尾气联通并回收处理。要求“原料、中间产品与成品应密闭储存,对于实际蒸汽压大于2.8kpa、储量大于100m2的有机液体储罐,”都要采取控制措施。   2.2  2015年4月颁布的国家标准《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB31571-2015)对储罐废气处理的规定   第5章“大气污染物排放控制要求”在5.2挥发性有机液体储罐污染控制要求”规定:“储存真实蒸气压≥76.6kPa的挥发性有机液体应采用压力储罐。”“储存真实蒸气压≥5.2kPa但<27.6kPa的设计容积≥150m3的挥发性有机液体储罐,以及储存真实蒸气压≥27.6kPa但<76.6kPa的设计容积≥75m3的挥发性有机液体储罐”采用内浮顶罐的,内浮顶罐的浮盘与罐壁之间应采用液体镶嵌式、机械式鞋形、双封式等高效密封方式。采用固定顶罐的,应安装密闭排气系统至有机废气回收或处理装置。   2.3 2016年1月1日起施行的新修订的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》对储罐废气处理的规定   储油储气库、加油加气站、原油成品油码头、原油成品油运输船舶和油罐车、气罐车等,应当按照国家有关规定安装油气回收装置并保持正常使用。否则将受到停产整顿和重度罚款的处理。   2.4  2016年10月25日出台的《石油化工储运区VoCs治理项目油气联通工艺实施方案及安全措施指导意见》(127号函)对储罐废气处理的规定   (以下简称《指导意见》,对不同储罐型式的联通实施方法、呼出排放的稳定控制、罐顶附件的基本配置、管路材料的选择、防止罐群安全事故等的控制措施、以及氮封系统平衡控制等,给出了具体的意见。   2.5 《石化行业挥发性有机物综合整治方案》(环发(2014]177号)对储罐废气处理的规定   《方案》中“二-(四)-4”也要求“苯、甲苯、二甲苯等危险化学品应在内浮顶罐基础上安装油气回收装置等处理设施。


01/01 23:29

一、储罐的“大呼吸”、“小呼吸”废气   1.1  储罐大呼吸   储罐大呼吸是指储罐进行收发作业时的呼吸。储罐进料时,由于液面逐渐升高,罐内气体空间逐渐减小,压力增大,当压力超过呼吸阀控制压力时,一定浓度的蒸汽开始从呼吸阀呼出,直到储罐停止收料;储罐发料时,由于液面不断降低,罐内气体空间逐渐增大,压力减小,当压力小于呼吸阀控制真空度时,储罐开始呼入新鲜空气,由于液面上方空间蒸气没有达到饱和,促使蒸发加快,使其重新达到饱和,当罐内压力再次上升,部分蒸气从呼吸阀呼出。在这个“呼吸”过程中造成的VOCs损耗为大呼吸损耗。   1.2 储罐的小呼吸   储罐的小呼吸是指储罐在静止储存的情况下,白天受太阳辐射使油温升高,引起上部空间气体膨胀和油面蒸发加剧,罐内压力随之升高,当压力达到呼吸阀允许值时,蒸汽就逸出罐外造成损耗。夜晚气温下降使罐内气体收缩,油气凝结,罐内压力随之下降,当压力降到呼吸阀允许真空值时,空气进入罐内,使气体空间的油气浓度降低,在这个排出蒸气和吸入空气的过程造成的VOCs损失,叫小呼吸损耗。     二、储罐呼吸废气处理的规范及标准   2.1 环保部“十二五”规划就提出要求对储罐区呼吸排放的废气加以控制。   根据《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》制定的《重点区域大气污染联防联控“十二五”规划》规定:“加强石化生产、输送和储存过程挥发性有机物泄漏的监测和监管;严格控制储罐、运输环节的呼吸损耗,原料、中间产品、成品储存设施应全部采用高效密封的浮顶罐,或安装顶空联通置换油气回收装置(即储罐尾气联通并回收处理。要求“原料、中间产品与成品应密闭储存,对于实际蒸汽压大于2.8kpa、储量大于100m2的有机液体储罐,”都要采取控制措施。   2.2  2015年4月颁布的国家标准《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB31571-2015)对储罐废气处理的规定   第5章“大气污染物排放控制要求”在5.2挥发性有机液体储罐污染控制要求”规定:“储存真实蒸气压≥76.6kPa的挥发性有机液体应采用压力储罐。”“储存真实蒸气压≥5.2kPa但<27.6kPa的设计容积≥150m3的挥发性有机液体储罐,以及储存真实蒸气压≥27.6kPa但<76.6kPa的设计容积≥75m3的挥发性有机液体储罐”采用内浮顶罐的,内浮顶罐的浮盘与罐壁之间应采用液体镶嵌式、机械式鞋形、双封式等高效密封方式。采用固定顶罐的,应安装密闭排气系统至有机废气回收或处理装置。   2.3 2016年1月1日起施行的新修订的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》对储罐废气处理的规定   储油储气库、加油加气站、原油成品油码头、原油成品油运输船舶和油罐车、气罐车等,应当按照国家有关规定安装油气回收装置并保持正常使用。否则将受到停产整顿和重度罚款的处理。   2.4  2016年10月25日出台的《石油化工储运区VoCs治理项目油气联通工艺实施方案及安全措施指导意见》(127号函)对储罐废气处理的规定   (以下简称《指导意见》,对不同储罐型式的联通实施方法、呼出排放的稳定控制、罐顶附件的基本配置、管路材料的选择、防止罐群安全事故等的控制措施、以及氮封系统平衡控制等,给出了具体的意见。   2.5 《石化行业挥发性有机物综合整治方案》(环发(2014]177号)对储罐废气处理的规定   《方案》中“二-(四)-4”也要求“苯、甲苯、二甲苯等危险化学品应在内浮顶罐基础上安装油气回收装置等处理设施。


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